Instruction pipelining from 8086 to 2022: how the pipeline works in modern processors

Superscalar pipeline, µop cache, branch prediction, pattern recognition, Out-Of-Order pipeline, re-order buffer, and simply hyper-threading - all these mechanisms and technologies are added to modern processors to speed up execution of instructions and improve performance of final programs. But globally modern architectures do not differ much from the first Pentiums and are very similar to 8086 processors. 

Let's see how RISC-processors work in 2022 and how it affects .NET-programmers, using a simple example of a supermarket chain's revenue calculation.